Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) varied significantly (p<0.001) among ecotypes. aurea were grown at different NaCl concentrations (control, 6, 12 and 18 dS/m) in sand culture condition. The Effects of salinity level and duration on carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) of Matricaria chamomilla and Matricaria aurea were evaluated. Adolescents who have lower domestic language skills (Finnish/Swedish) are expected to show lower school connectedness and higher perceived ethnic discrimination. Adolescents who have special diet and clothing because of their cultural or religious background are expected to score higher on perceived ethnic discrimination and lower school connectedness. High perceived ethnic discrimination is expected to be related with high aggression and low school connectedness. Six types of aggressive behavior are measured: physical, verbal, indirect, and cyber aggression, in addition to both verbal and physical sexual harassment.

The study aims at investigating perceived ethnic discrimination in school environment by peers and teachers, and within society in general.

The relationships between perceived ethnic discrimination, peer aggression and school connectedness are being examined among 1,000 adolescents in Ostrobothnia, Finland with an online questionnaire.

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